How is latency measured in digital systems?

Latency in digital systems specifically refers to the time delay between the input of data and the subsequent output of that data. This is essential for understanding how quickly a system can respond to incoming signals or commands. Option D accurately captures this concept by indicating that latency is measured from the input to the output of a process, encompassing all the potential delays that occur while data is being processed, transmitted, or converted.

For instance, in audio networks utilizing DANTE, latency can be affected by various factors during transmission, processing, and conversion stages. By measuring from input to output, one can comprehensively assess the total delay experienced in the system, which is critical for maintaining synchronization and audio quality, especially in live sound scenarios.

The other choices do not encapsulate the complete concept of latency as thoroughly. For example, while measuring from the clock leader to the clock follower might refer to synchronization issues in a network, it does not provide a full picture of latency in terms of data processing time.