What is the primary function of a network hub?

The primary function of a network hub is to repeat incoming data to all outputs. A hub is a basic networking device that connects multiple Ethernet devices, making them act as a single network segment. When data is received at one of the hub's ports, it is broadcasted out of all the other ports, allowing every connected device to receive the data regardless of whether it was intended for them or not. This simple method of operation does not include any intelligence for directing the data to specific destinations, which is a key characteristic of hubs.

This behavior can lead to unnecessary network traffic and collisions, as all data goes to all devices. Nevertheless, it is an essential function in basic networking environments where simplicity and low cost are prioritized over efficiency. In contrast, more advanced devices like switches and routers perform intelligent data handling and are designed to manage networks more efficiently.